Source:(Google.com.pk)
History, n. an account mostly false, of events mostly unimportant, which are brought about by rulers, mostly knaves, and soldiers, mostly fools.
AMBROSE BIERCE, The Devil's Dictionary
The history of the world is but the biography of great men.
THOMAS CARLYLE, Heroes and Hero-Worship, The Hero as Divinity
History ... is indeed little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.
EDWARD GIBBON, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
History has many cunning passages, contrived corridors and issues.
T.S. ELIOT, Gerontion
That men do not learn very much from the lessons of history is the most important of all the lessons that history has to teach.
ALDOUS HUXLEY, Collected Essays
The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice.
MARK TWAIN, Following the Equator
Poetry is nearer to vital truth than history.
PLATO, Ion
History is the witness that testifies to the passing of time; it illumines reality, vitalizes memory, provides guidance in daily life and brings us tidings of antiquity.
CICERO, Pro Publio Sestio
History is more or less bunk.
HENRY FORD, Chicago Tribune, May 25, 1916
To remain ignorant of things that happened before you were born is to remain a child.
CICERO
To study history means submitting to chaos and nevertheless retaining faith in order and meaning. It is a very serious task, young man, and possibly a tragic one.
HERMANN HESSE, The Glass Bead Game
Psychology keeps trying to vindicate human nature. History keeps undermining the effort.
MASON COOLEY, City Aphorisms
Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.
GEORGE SANTAYANA, The Life of Reason
The memories of men are too frail a thread to hang history from.
JOHN STILL, The Jungle Tide
History fades into fable; fact becomes clouded with doubt and controversy; the inscription molders from the tablet: the statue falls from the pedestal. Columns, arches, pyramids, what are they but heaps of sand; and their epitaphs, but characters written in the dust?
WASHINGTON IRVING, The Sketch Book
History can be well written only in a free country.
VOLTAIRE, letter to Frederick the Great
What experience and history teach is this -- that people and governments never have learned anything from history or acted on the principles deduced from it.
G.W.F. HEGEL, Philosophy of History
It is difficult at times to repress the thought that history is about as instructive as an abattoir.
SEAMUS HEANEY, Nobel Lecture, Dec. 7, 1995
History is philosophy teaching by examples.
THUCYDIDES, The History of the Peloponnesian War
All great historical facts and personages occur, as it were, twice ... the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce.
KARL MARX, The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
Great men are the inspired texts of that divine Book of Revelations, whereof a chapter is completed from epoch to epoch, and by some named History.
THOMAS CARLYLE, Sartor Resartus
History is the autobiography of a madman.
ALEXANDER HERZEN, Dr. Krupov
I'm interested in the way in which the past affects the present and I think that if we understand a good deal more about history, we automatically understand a great more about contemporary life.
TONI MORRISON, Time interview, Jan. 21, 1998
History ... is a nightmare from which I am trying to wake.
JAMES JOYCE, Ulysses
The history of mankind is a romance, a mask, a tragedy, constructed upon the principles of POETICAL JUSTICE; it is a noble or royal hunt, in which what is sport to the few is death to the many, and in which the spectators halloo and encourage the strong to set upon the weak, and cry havoc in the chase, though they do not share in the spoil.
WILLIAM HAZLITT, Characters of Shakespeare's Plays
Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe.
H.G. WELLS, The Outline of History
All true histories contain instruction; though, in some, the treasure may be hard to find, and when found, so trivial in quantity that the dry, shrivelled kernel scarcely compensates for the trouble of cracking the nut.
ANNE BRONTE, Agnes Grey
Nothing has really happened until it has been recorded.
VIRGINIA WOOLF
History is written by the winners.
ALEX HALEY, as quoted in And I Quote
Old men can make war, but it is children who will make history.
RAY MERRITT, Full of Grace
The only history that is worth a tinker's damn is the history we make today.
HENRY FORD, Chicago Tribune, May 25, 1916
I don't believe ... that history repeats itself. There is no cycle. History is permanently doing the same thing. Sometimes we don't notice what's going on, that's all--and sometimes we have no choice but to see.
MICHAEL MARSHALL, Blood of Angels
Nowhere is it ordained that history moves in a straight line.
BARACK OBAMA, The Audacity of Hope
Each day is a little bit of history.
JOSÉ SARAMAGO, Baltasar and Blimunda
History can come in handy. If you were born yesterday, with no knowledge of the past, you might easily accept whatever the government tells you. But knowing a bit of history--while it would not absolutely prove the government was lying in a given instance--might make you skeptical, lead you to ask questions, make it more likely that you would find out the truth.
HOWARD ZINN, You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train
It is sometimes very hard to tell the difference between history and the smell of skunk.
REBECCA WEST, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon
Half the things you've been taught in school are just convenient fictions. History is a puppet show for childish minds.
JOHN TWELVE HAWKS, The Traveler
History is not the soil of happiness. The periods of happiness are blank pages in it.
GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL, Lectures on the Philosophy of History
History viewed from the inside is always a dark, digestive mess, far different from the easily recognizable cow viewed from afar by historians.
DAN SIMMONS, Hyperion
Any true student must realize that History has no beginning. Regardless of where a story starts, there are always earlier heroes and earlier tragedies.
BRIAN HERBERT & KEVIN J. ANDERSON, The Butlerian Jihad
No matter how carefully records are kept and filed and computerized, they grow fuzzy with time. Stories grow by accretion. Tales accumulate--like dust. The longer the time lapse, the dustier the history--until it degenerates into fables.
ISAAC ASIMOV, Foundation's Edge
The ideal historian goes to the mouth of the tomb, cries: "Lazarus, come forth!" and sets him that was dead for ages, blinking and passionate, in the sun.
AUSTIN O'MALLEY, Keystones of Thought
History is like a bloodstain that keeps on showing on the wall no matter how many new owners take possession, no matter how many times we paint over it.
PETER CAREY, attributed, Ghost Empire: How the French Almost Conquered North America
We cannot escape history.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN, annual message, Dec. 1, 1862
Browse History Quotes II
Browse History Quotes III
History Trivia - a fun trivia quiz on world history.
Historical Poems - a collection of poems about historical events.
Read more at http://www.notable-quotes.com/h/history_quotes.html#vM1okeWxpxhiz2ex.99
Reference:
Sir Isaac Newton: Quotes, Facts & Biography
by Nola Taylor Redd, SPACE.com Contributor | May 29, 2012 02:22pm ET
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Sir Isaac Newton contributed significantly to the field of science over his lifetime. He invented calculus and provided a clear understanding of optics. But his most significant work had to do with forces, and specifically with the development of a universal law of gravity. [See also our overview of Famous Astronomers and great scientists from many fields who have contributed to the rich history of discoveries in astronomy.]
isaac newton
Pin It A painting of Sir Isaac Newton by Sir Godfrey Kneller, dated to 1689.
Credit: Sir Godfrey KnellerView full size image
Newton's life
Born to a poor family in Woolsthorpe, England, in 1642, Isaac Newton attended Trinity College in Cambridge, England only after it became apparent that he would never be a successful farmer. While there, he took interest in mathematics, optics, physics, and astronomy. After his graduation, he began to teach at the college, and was appointed as the second Lucasian Chair there. Today, the chair is considered the most renowned academic chair in the world.
In 1689, Newton was elected as a member of parliament for the university. In 1703, he was elected as president of the Royal Society, a fellowship of scientists that still exists today. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705. He never married.
Newton died in 1727, at the age of 84. After his death, his body was moved to a more prominent place in Westminster Abbey. During the exhumation, large amounts of mercury were found in the scientist's system, likely due to his work with alchemy.
Motion in the universe
The popular myth tells of an apple falling from a tree in his garden, which brought Newton to an understanding of forces, particularly gravity. Whether the incident actually happened is unknown, but historians doubt the event — if it ocurred — was the driving force in Newton’s thought process. His most famous work came with the publication of his "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), generally called Principia. In it, he determined the three laws of motion for the universe.
The first describes how objects move at the same velocity unless an outside force acts upon it. (A force is something that causes or changes motion.) Thus, an object sitting on a table remains on the table until a force – the push of a hand, or gravity – acts upon it. Similarly, an object travels at the same speed unless it interacts with another force, such as friction.
His second law of motion provided a calculation for how forces interact. The force acting on an object is equal to the object's mass times the acceleration it undegoes.
Newton's third law states that for every action in nature, there is an equal and opposite reaction. If one body applies a force on a second, then the second body exerts a force of the same strength on the first, in the opposite direction. [VIDEO: Final Nail in Newton's Theory]
From all of this, Newton calculated the universal law of gravity. He found that as two bodies move farther away from one another, the gravitational attraction between them decreases by the inverse of the square of the distance. Thus, if the objects are twice as far apart, the gravitational force is only a fourth as strong; if they are three times as far apart, it is only a ninth of its previous power.
These laws helped scientists understand more about the motions of planets in the solar system, and of the moon around Earth.
A scientist across disciplines
While a student, Newton was forced to take a two year hiatus when plague closed Trinity college. At home, he continued to work with optics, using a prism to separate white light, and became the first person to argue that white light was a mixture of many types of rays, rather than a single entity. He continued working with light and color over the next few years, and published his findings in “Opticks” in 1704.
Disturbed by the problems with telescopes at the time, he invented the reflecting telescope, grinding the mirror and building the tube himself. Relying on a mirror rather than lenses, the telescope presented a sharper image than refracting telescopes at the time. Modern techniques have reduced the problems caused by lenses, but large telescopes such as the James Webb Space Telescope use mirrors. [Stacking Up the 10 Biggest Telescopes on Earth]
As a student, Newton studied the most advanced mathematical texts of his time. While on hiatus, he continued to study mathematics, laying the ground for differential and integral calculus. He united many techniques that had previously been considered seperately, such as finding areas, tangents, and the lengths of curves. He wrote De Methodis Serierum et Fluxionum in 1671, but was unable to find a publisher.
Newton also established a cohesive scientific method, to be used across disciplines. Previous explorations of science varied depending on the field. Newton established a set format for experimentation still used today.
Isaac Newton quotes
"Amicus Plato amicus Aristoteles magis amica verita."
(Plato is my friend, Aristotle is my friend, but my greatest friend is truth.)
—Written in the margin of a notebook while a student at Cambridge. In Richard S. Westfall, Never at Rest (1980), 89.
"Genius is patience."
—The Homiletic Review, Vol. 83-84 (1922), Vol. 84, 290.
"If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants."
—Letter to Robert Hooke (5 Feb 1675-6).In H. W. Turnbull (ed.), The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, 1, 1661-1675 (1959), Vol. 1, 416.
"I see I have made my self a slave to Philosophy."
—Letter to Henry Oldenburg (18 Nov 1676). In H. W. Turnbull (ed.), The Correspondence of Isaac Newton, 1676-1687 (1960), Vol. 2, 182.
"I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me."
—First reported in Joseph Spence, Anecdotes, Observations and Characters, of Books and Men (1820), Vol. 1 of 1966 edn, sect. 1259, p. 462
"To any action there is always an opposite and equal reaction; in other words, the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and always opposite in direction."
— The Principia: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687)
"Truth is ever to be found in simplicity, and not in the multiplicity and confusion of things."
—'Fragments from a Treatise on Revelation". In Frank .
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