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My subject is beginning to oppress my mind as a nightmare does the body. My head is full of ideas, of which the order is not yet clear to me, and which I must consider singly. I should like to run, but I can only drag myself slowly along. You know that I never take up my pen to support a system, or to draw, whether wrongly or rightly, certain conclusions. I give myself up to the natural flow of my ideas, allowing myself in good faith to be led from one consequence to another. Therefore, till my work is finished, I never know exactly what result I shall reach, or if I shall arrive at any"
Alexis De Tocqueville, letter to J.S. Mill Esq., Nov 10, 1836, culled from the Memoirs, Letters and Remains of Alexis De Tocqueville.. 1862 edition, vol. 2.
The universe is made of stories, not atoms."
Muriel Rukeyser, poet
Storytelling is the most powerful way to put ideas into the world today.
Robert McKee
It takes a thousand voices to tell a single story."
Native American saying
There is a difference between a book of two hundred pages from the very beginning, and a book of two hundred pages which is the result of an original eight hundred pages. The six hundred are there. Only you don't see them.
Elie Wiesel
There is no agony like bearing an untold story inside of you.
Maya Angelou - American poet
Not that the story need be long, but it will take a long while to make it short.
Thoreau
"There is a dream dreaming us."
saying of the aboriginal San of the Kalahari Desert, cited by Robert Wolff, author, Original Wisdom
I will tell you something about stories, (he said)
They aren't just entertainment.
Don't be fooled.
They are all we have, you see,
All we have to fight off
illness and death
Leslie Marmon Silko
The first draft of everything is shit.
Ernest Hemingway
The degree to which literature excites usually depends upon the extent to which the taboo explored is forbidden.
Robert Burdette Sweet, Writing Towards Wisdom; The Writer as Shaman
Write at least until you become blihering and exhausted and have o control over your pen. Then write more. The point is to permit what you repress to surface, to dream through words.
Trust yourself.
When reading over what you’ve written in this uninhibited manner, circle whatever images, ideas, names or events that repeat. And if you write long enough in a submerged state something will repeat. After all what Hawthorne did was write guilt, guilt, guilt, guilt. And Kafka did write father, punishment, father, father, father and Hemingway did growl cowardice, courage, cowardice, cowardice.
Robert Burdette Sweet, Writing Towards Wisdom; The Writer as Shaman
Everyone is necessarily the hero of his own life story.
JOHN BARTH
In seeking truth you have to get both sides of a story.
WALTER CRONKITE
It is frequently the tragedy of the great artist, as it is of the great scientist, that he frightens the ordinary man. If he is more than a popular storyteller it may take humanity a generation to absorb and grow accustomed to the new geography with which the scientist or artist presents us. Even then, perhaps only the more imaginative and literate may accept him. Subconsciously the genius is feared as an image breaker; frequently he does not accept the opinions of the mass, or man's opinion of himself.
Loren Eiseley, The Mind as Nature
Art can only be truly Art by presenting an adequate outward symbol of some fact in the interior life.
Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) U.S. critic, social reformer, writer
It has taken me years of struggle, hard work and research to learn to make one simple gesture, and I know enough about the art of writing to realize that it would take as many years of concentrated effort to write one simple, beautiful sentence.
Isadora Duncan
Life is what we make it, always has been, always will be.
It is the function of art to renew our perception. What we are familiar with we cease to see. The writer shakes up the familiar scene, and, as if by magic, we see a new meaning in it.
Anaias Nin
Ninety percent of what we create is not our best work.
Robert McKee, at his Story Structure Workshop, 1999
A human being is nothing but a story with a skin around it.
Fred Allen
Fiction is not photography, it’s oil painting.
Robertson Davies
The dirty secret of art is you don’t have to show people your bad writing. That’s what we have the delete key for.
Robert McKee
The best defense is a good story.
Frederick Bush, on NPR, prof of literature, Colgate Univ.
The tears that we shed at a play are a type of the exquisite sterile emotions that it is the function of art to awaken. We weep but we are not wounded. We grieve but our grief is not bitter."
Wilde, The Critic as Artist
Cut quarrels out of literature, and you will have very little history or drama or fiction or epic poetry left.
--Robert Lynd
I cannot tell my story without reaching a long way back.
Demian, by Herman Hesse, 1925
In every outthrust headland, in every curving beach, in every grain of sand there is the story of the earth.
Rachel Carson
"The history of the greatest princes is often the story of men's mistakes."
Voltaire, La Siecle de Louis XIV, chap.XI
The gods look with favor on superior daring.
Civilis, quoted in Tacitus' History
Consciousness is a disease.
Miguel de Unamumo, 1864-1937, The Tragic Sense of Life
The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.
Marcel Proust
People have forgotten how to tell a story. Stories don't have a middle or an end any more. They usually have a beginning that never stops beginning.
Steven Spielberg
I've discovered I've got this preoccupation with ordinary people pursued by large forces.
Steven Spielberg
If the boy and girl walk off into the sunset hand-in-hand in the last scene, it adds 10 million to the box office.
George Lucas
Stories serve the purpose of consolidating whatever gains people or their leaders have made or imagine they have made in their existing journey thorough the world.
Chinua Achebe (1930 - ____) Nigerian novelist, Award Lecture, "What Has Literature Got to Do With It?," In "Sokoto," 23 Aug 1986.
It's all storytelling, you know. That's what journalism is all about.
Tom Brokaw
We start our lives as if they were momentous stories, with a beginning, a middle and an appropriate end, only to find that they are mostly middles.
Anatole Broyard
Reading a book is like re-writing it for yourself. . . . You bring to a novel, anything you read, all your experience of the world. You bring your history and you read it in your own terms.
Angela Carter
A good story cannot be devised; it has to be distilled.
Raymond Chandler (1888 - 1959)
All human beings have an innate need to hear and tell stories and to have a story to live by. . . . religion, whatever else it has done, has provided one of the main ways of meeting this abiding need.
Harvey Cox (1929 - ____) US theologian, social reformer, author
The Seduction of the Spirit," Simon & Schuster
The history of the world is full of men who rose to leadership, by sheer force of self-confidence, bravery and tenacity.
Mahatma Gandhi (1869 - 1948)
Dialogue should simply be a sound among other sounds, just something that comes out of the mouths of people whose eyes tell the story in visual terms.
Alfred Hitchcock
The highest-paid person in the first half of the next century will be the "storyteller." The value of products will depend on the story they tell. Nike and many other gloabal companies are already manily storytellers. That is where the money is --- even today.
Rolf Jensen
We are the first generation bombarded with so many stories from so many "authorities," none of which are our own. The parable of the postmodern mind is the person surrounded by a media center: three television screens in front of them giving three sets of stories; fax machines bringing in other stories; newspapers providing still more stories. In a sense, we are saturated with stories; we're saturated with points of view. But the effect of being bombarded with all of these points of view is that we don't have a point of view and we don't have a story. We lose the continuity of our experiences; we become people who are written on from the outside.
Sam Keen
Wherever a story comes from, whether it is a familiar myth or a private memory, the retelling exemplifies the making of a connection from one pattern to another: a potential translation in which narrative becomes parable and the once upon a time comes to stand for some renaiscent truth. this approach applies to all the incidents of everyday life: the phrase in the newspaper, the endearing or infuriating game of a toddler, the misunderstanding at the office. Our species thinks in metaphors and learns through stories.
Mary Catherine Bateson
Classic narrative is basically linear. It is like a river which has a source in an inland spring. The water bubbles up from the ground and sets off on a journey, pushed forward by the energy generated at its source. It twists and turns and gains momentum according to the obstacles in its path, as if it always has one aim in view; to finally reach and unite with its destination, the sea.
Cherry Potter
The deep joy we take in the company of people with whom we have just recently fallen in love is undisguisable.
John Cheever
The fools think I am writing algebra but what I am really writing is geometry.
Hemingway
The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug.
Mark Twain
The longer we listen to one another - with real attention - the more commonality we will find in all our lives. That is, if we are careful to exchange with one another life stories and not simply opinions.
Barbara Deming
A good writer is basically a story-teller, not a scholar or a redeemer of mankind.
Isaac Singer
A song ain't nothin' in the world but a story just wrote with music to it.
Hank Williams, Sr. (1923 - 1953)
I wrote the story myself. It's all about a girl who lost her reputation but never missed it.
Mae West
In the writing process, the more the story cooks, the better. The brain works for you even when you are at rest. I find dreams particularly useful. . . . You can only learn to be a better writer by actually writing.
Doris Lessing
Stories are equipment for living.
Kenneth Burke
If you want a happy ending, that depends, of course, on where you stop your story.
(Orson Welles)
Storytelling reveals meaning without committing the error of defining it.
(Hannah Arendt)
Make visible what, without you, might never have been seen.
Robert Bresson
Writing is easy. All you do is sit staring at a blank sheet of paper until the drops of blood form on your forehead.
Gene Fowler
Writers write about what obsesses them. You draw those cards. I lost my mother when I was 14. My daughter died at the age of 6. I lost my faith as a Catholic. When I'm writing, the darkness is always there. I go where the pain is.
Anne Rice
Be regular and orderly in your life, so that you may be violent and original in your work.
Gustave Flaubert
We work in the dark--we do what we can--we give what we have. Our doubt is our passion, and our passion is our task. The rest is the madness of art.
Henry James
You sell a screenplay like you sell a car. If somebody drives it off a cliff, that's it.
Rita Mae Brown
Those who dream by day are cognizant of many things which escape those who dream only by night.
Edgar Allen Poe
No tears in the writer, no tears in the reader. No surprise for the writer, no surprise for the reader.
Robert Frost
Against the disease of writing one must take special precautions, since it is a dangerous and contagious disease.
Peter Abelard, in "Letter S, Abelard to Heloise"
The only reason for being a professional writer is that you just can't help it.
Leo Rosten
Writers are only rarely likable.
Joan Didion
The role of the writer is not to say what we can all say, but what we are unable to say.
Anais Nin
There are three rules for writing the novel. Unfortunately, no one knows what they are.
W. Somerset Maugham
Those who tell the stories rule society.
Plato
Dreams surely are difficult, confusing, and not everything in them is brought to pass for mankind. For fleeting dreams have two gates: one is fashioned of horn and one of ivory. Those which pass through the one of sawn ivory are deceptive, bringing tidings which come to naught, but those which issue from the one of polished horn bring true results when a mortal sees them.
Homer The Odyssey XIX, l560
Myths are the stories we tell ourselves to explain the world around us and within us.
Pamela Jaye Smith
All good stories are ten percent true.
Colonel Dennis Fanning
Those who dream by day are cognizant of many things which escape those who dream only by night.
Edgar Allan Poe, poet and short-story writer (1809-1849)
Skill without imagination is craftsmanship. Imagination without skill gives us modern art.
Tom Stoppard
One can be instructed in society, one is inspired only in solitude.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, poet, dramatist, novelist, and philosopher (1749-1832)
To those who do not know mathematics it is difficult to get across a real feeling as to the beauty, the deepest beauty of nature. If you want to learn about nature, to appreciate nature, it is necessary to understand the language that she speaks in.
Richard Feynman, physicist, lecturer, adventurer (1918-1988)
"There is a dream dreaming us."
saying of the aboriginal San of the Kalahari Desert, cited by Robert Wolff, author, Original Wisdom
Struggle to trust what your unconscious is up to, no matter how bizarre, how forbidden, how complex. The main characteristic of creative persons is an enormous tolerance for ambiguity. Permit yourself not to know. You are writing the story to find out what happens and why. Since the story is writing itself, you can’t know the ending, You can’t know the middle. You might not know the beginning.
Robert Burdette Sweet, Writing Towards Wisdom; The Writer as Shaman
If you are the same person after reading a book, seeing a picture, hearing music, then what you read, saw or heard was not produced by an artist.
Robert Burdette Sweet, Writing Towards Wisdom; The Writer as Shaman
If… the prime dictate for the modern writer is to disappear, the third person still has the disadvantage of obviously being written by an author. But if a character narrates the story in the first person, virtually all author interference gives the impression of having gone away. Especially if the character is not to be trusted. Then we can listen to the tale as we would listen to anyone, always wondering what is eing exaggerated, what is being left out and what is a blatant lie. The untrustworthy narrator is especially useful when exploring the conflict of man against himself. Our present age with its psychological emphasis and cynical attitudes towards all authority encourages the use of this point of view.
Robert Burdette Sweet, Writing Towards Wisdom; The Writer as Shaman.
Do I Need a Bibliography?
A bibliography is not just “works cited.” It is all the relevant material you drew upon to write the paper the reader holds.
If you read any articles or books in preparing you paper, you need a bibliography or footnotes.
If you cite the arguments of “critics” and “supporters,” even if you don’t name them or quote them directly, you are likely referring to information you read in books or articles as opposed to information you’ve gathered firsthand, like a news reporter, and so you need a bibliography.
If you quote sources and put some of the reference information in the text, you still need a bibliography, so that readers can track down the source material for themselves.
If you use footnotes to identify the source of your material or the authors of every quote, you DO NOT need a bibliography, UNLESS there are materials to which you do not refer directly (or if you refer to additional sections of the materials you already referenced) that also helped you reach your conclusions. In any event, your footnotes need to follow the formatting guidelines below.
How to Write a Bibliography
These guidelines follow those of the American Psychological Association and may be slightly different than what you’re used to, but we will stick with them for the sake of consistency.
Notice the use of punctuation. Publication titles may be either italicized or underlined, but not both.
Books
Books are the bibliography format with which you’re probably most familiar. Books follow this pattern:
Author Last Name, Author First Name. (Publication Year) Title. Publisher’s City: Publisher. Page numbers.
Alexander, Carol. (2001) Market Models: A Guide to Financial Data Analysis. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 200-220.
Periodicals
Periodicals remove the publisher city and name and add the title of the article and the volume or issue number of the periodical. Notice article titles are put in quotation marks and only the publication title is italicized or underlined.
Author Last Name, Author First Name. (Publication Date—could be more than a year) “Article Title.” Publication Title, Vol. #. (Issue #), Page numbers.
Salman, William A. (July-August 1997) “How to Write a Great Business Plan.” Harvard Business Review 74. pp. 98-108.
Web versions of printed material
Because web sources are time-sensitive, meaning that web content can change day by day, it is important to include the day of retrieval and the URL from which you quoted the material. You include this in a retrieval statement.
The format for online versions of print publications should basically follow the same format as above, meaning if you’re referencing an online book, you should follow the book format with the addition of the retrieval statement. If you’re referencing an online periodical, you should follow the periodical format with the addition of the retrieval statement.
Note that you should not break the Internet address of the link, even if it requires its own line. Very long URLs, such as those that occur when using an online database, can be shortened by removing the retrieval code. (The retrieval code usually consists of a long string of unintelligible letters and numbers following the end point “htm” or “html.” Remove everything that occurs after that point to shorten.)
Author. (Date of Internet Publication—could be more than a year) “Document Title.” Title of Publication. Retrieved on: Date from Full Web Address, starting with http://
Grant, Linda. (January 13, 1997) “Can Fisher Focus Kodak?” Fortune. Retrieved on August 22, 1997 from www.pathfinder.com/@@ctQzLAcAQQIIP/fortune/1997/970113/kod.html
The above is just one example of citing online sources. There are more extensive bibliographic guidelines at www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.html.
How to Cite Sources in the Text
In-text citations alert readers to cited material and tell them exactly where to go and look. These citations work in conjunction with a bibliography.
Usually, an in-text citation is a combination of a name (usually the author’s) and a number (either a year, a page number, or both).
For Internet sources, use the original publication date, not your retrieval date.
Internet sources also do not have page numbers, so use your discretion in the format that will direct the reader closest to the relevant section. You can number the paragraphs (abbreviate “par.”) or chapters (abbreviate “chap.”) or sections (abbreviate “sec.”).
If there is no author listed, the document’s title should be used in place of the author’s name. Use the entire title but not the subtitle. Subtitles are anything appearing after a colon (:).
Use a signal phrase
A signal phrase alerts the reader to the fact that you are citing another source for the information he or she is about to read.
Myers (1997) reported that “structured decision aids, as a factor in a more structured audit approach, are designed to focus the auditor on relevant information to improve effectiveness, and to improve audit efficiency, by eliminating the time needed to develop or organize individual approaches to the audit problems.” (sec. 1, “Introduction”)
Note that the date goes with the author, directions within the document go with the quote.
Later on, same source, different section:
According to one study (Myers, 1997), inexperienced auditors from a structured firm will demonstrate higher audit effectiveness in the typical audit situation than inexperienced auditors from an unstructured firm. (sec. 2, “Structure and Audit Effectiveness”)
Full parenthetical citation after the material cited
Another method is to end the quote with the full citation:
The primary controversies surrounding the issue of accounting for stock-based compensation include whether these instruments represent an expense that should be recognized in the income statement and, if so, when they should be recognized and how they should be measured. (Martin and Duchac, 1997, Sec. 3, “Theoretical Justification for Expense Recognition”)
For long quotes, use a previewing sentence and a parenthetical citation
Long quotes are 40 words or longer and should be single-spaced even in double-spaced papers. The previewing sentence tells the reader what to look for in the quotes (and helps the reader change gears from you to another author).
Martin and Duchac (1997) reiterate the problems with stock-based compensation and accounting issues:
While it is true these estimates generate uncertainties about value and the costs to be recognized, cost recognition should be the fundamental objective and information based on estimates can be useful just as it is with defined benefit pension plans.
Given the similarities between stock based compensation and defined benefit pension costs, an expense should be recognized for employee stock options just as pension costs are recognized for defined benefit pension plans. The FASB agreed with this assessment in their exposure draft on stock based compensation, noting that nonrecognition of employee stock option costs produces financial statements that are neither credible nor representationally faithful. (sec. 2.1, “Recognition of Compensation Cost”)
Note the consistent indentation and the paragraph break inside the quote. Also note that the parenthetical citation falls outside the closing period.
Source-reflective statements
Sometimes, summarizing arguments from your sources can leave the reader in doubt as to whose opinion he or she is seeing. If the language is too close to the original source’s, you can leave yourself open to charges of low-level plagiarism or “word borrowing.” Using a source-reflective statement can clarify this problem, allowing you the freedom to assert your voice and opinion without causing confusion. For example:
Myers (1997) reported that “structured decision aids, as a factor in a more structured audit approach, are designed to focus the auditor on relevant information to improve effectiveness, and to improve audit efficiency, by eliminating the time needed to develop or organize individual approaches to the audit problems.” (sec. 1, “Introduction”) Thus, audit pricing by firms with a structured audit approach is lower, on average, than firms with an intermediate or unstructured audit approach.
Is the observation in the last sentence Myers’s or the author’s? We aren’t sure. So insert a source-reflective statement to avoid confusion.
Myers (1997) reported that “structured decision aids, as a factor in a more structured audit approach, are designed to focus the auditor on relevant information to improve effectiveness, and to improve audit efficiency, by eliminating the time needed to develop or organize individual approaches to the audit problems.” (sec. 1, “Introduction”) Myers’s observation suggests that audit pricing by firms with a structured audit approach is lower, on average, than firms with an intermediate or unstructured audit approach.
When and How to Use Footnotes
You may decide to substitute footnotes for in-text citations and a bibliography. Footnotes are thorough, like entries in the bibliography, and yet specific, like in-text citations. However, depending on the thoroughness of your use of footnotes, you may also need a bibliography.
If you decide to use footnotes, you should follow the format outlined above for the information to include in your entries and should number each footnote separately (1, 2, 3, etc.). You should NOT use the same number twice, even when referencing the same document. Check out guidelines such as those in the Chicago Manual of Style or the MLA Handbook for more information about how to number your footnote entries.
Quotes And Sayings About Life Quotes Life Tumblr Lessons Goes on Is Short and Love God is Too Short is LIke a Camera is good .
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